Topics: Computer Networking
Depending on storage media number of host and terminal nodes Client server network are categorised into two types.
1. Centralized Network, 2. Distributed Network
Centralized Networks: ● Structure: A single entity, like a server or organization, controls and manages the network resources and operations. Think of a school’s Wi-Fi network, where the school IT department administers access and security.
● Public vs Private: ● Public: Open to anyone, like the internet. Think of browsing any website or using social media.
● Private: Restricted to authorized users, like a corporate intranet. Think of a company’s internal network for employee communication and data sharing.
● Advantage: Easier to manage, secure and troubleshoot. Scalable for large networks.
● Disadvantage: Single point of failure (if the central entity goes down, the entire network is affected). Less flexible and customizable compared to distributed networks.
Distributed Networks: ● Structure: No single entity controls the network. Devices or nodes communicate and share resources directly with each other. Think of a peer-to-peer file sharing network like BitTorrent.
● Public vs Private: ● Public: Open to anyone, like the Bitcoin blockchain. Think of anyone being able to participate in cryptocurrency transactions.
● Private: Restricted to authorized members, like a private blockchain network for a consortium of companies. Think of a group of banks using blockchain for secure financial transactions.
● Advantage: More resilient to failures, as no single point of vulnerability exists. More flexible and adaptable to changing needs.
● Disadvantage: Can be more complex to manage and secure. May experience slower performance compared to centralized networks.
Hybrid Networks: ● Structure: Combines elements of both P2P and client-server models. Central server provides resources and coordination, while peers can also communicate and share resources directly.
● Examples: BitTorrent Sync, some cloud storage services.
● Advantages: ● Combines benefits of both models - centralized control with decentralized data sharing.
● Scalability and performance - server handles core tasks, while peers share resources.
● Flexibility - can be adapted to specific needs and requirements.
● Disadvantages: ● Complexity - requires careful design and implementation.
● Security concerns - need to balance control with open communication.
MCQ
1. What does PAN stand for in computer networking?
a) Personal Area Network
b) Public Access Network
c) Private Authentication Network
d) Protocol Area Network
2. Which of the following is an example of a LAN?
a) Internet b) Intranet
c) Ethernet d) World Wide Web
3. What does MAN stand for in networking?
a) Metropolitan Area Network
b) Mobile Area Network
c) Modem Access Network
d) Multi-layered Area Network
4. Which network type covers a larger geographic area than a LAN but is smaller than a WAN?
a) PAN b) LAN c) MAN d) WAN
5. What is a key feature of a WAN?
a) Limited coverage
b) High data transfer rates
c) Localized connections
d) Extended geographical coverage
6. Which networking device operates at the Data Link Layer of the OSI model?
a) Router b) Hub c) Switch d) Bridge
7. What is the purpose of a router in a computer network?
a) Connects devices within a LAN
b) Filters and forwards data between networks
c) Amplifies signals in a MAN
d) Manages local storage
8. Which protocol is commonly used for email communication over the Internet?
a) HTTP b) FTP c) SMTP d) TCP
9. What is the function of DNS in networking?
a) Dynamic Network Switching b) Domain Name System
c) Data Node Security d) Distributed Network Service
Answer: 1. a) Personal Area Network, 2. c) Ethernet, 3. a) Metropolitan Area Network, 4. c) MAN, 5. d) Extended geographical coverage, 6. c) Switch, 7. b) Filters and forwards data between networks. 8. c) SMTP, 9. b) Domain Name System.
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